Postgres 11

By using db<>fiddle, you agree to license everything you submit by Creative Commons CC0.

CREATE TABLE mytable

    ("Timestamp" timestamp, "COL_A" varchar(4), "COL_B" varchar(5), "COL_C" varchar(4), "COL_D" varchar(2), "Data_A" int, "Data_B" int)

;

    

INSERT INTO mytable

    ("Timestamp", "COL_A", "COL_B", "COL_C", "COL_D", "Data_A", "Data_B")

VALUES

    ('31.07.2019 15:12', '-', '-', '-', '-', 1, 2),

    ('31.07.2019 15:32', '1', '1', '100', '1', 5000, 20),

    ('10.08.2019 09:33', '-', '-', '-', '-', 1000, 7),

    ('31.07.2019 15:38', '1', '1', '100', '1', 33, 5),

    ('06.08.2019 08:53', '-', '-', '-', '-', 0, 7),

    ('06.08.2019 09:08', '-', '-', '-', '-', 0, 7),

    ('06.08.2019 16:06', '3', '3', '3', '3', 0, 23),

    ('07.08.2019 10:43', '-', '-', '-', '-', 0, 42),

    ('07.08.2019 13:10', '-', '-', '-', '-', 0, 24),

    ('08.08.2019 07:19', '11', '111', '111', '12', 0, 2),

    ('08.08.2019 10:54', '2334', '65464', '565', '76', 1000, 19),

    ('08.08.2019 11:15', '232', '343', '343', '43', 0, 2),

    ('08.08.2019 11:30', '2323', 'rtttt', '3434', '34', 0, 2),

    ('10.08.2019 14:47', '-', '-', '-', '-', 123, 23)

;
14 rows affected

SELECT DISTINCT ON ("COL_A", "COL_B", "COL_C", "COL_D")
    *
FROM
    mytable
ORDER BY "COL_A", "COL_B", "COL_C", "COL_D", "Timestamp" DESC


Timestamp
COL_A
COL_B
COL_C
COL_D
Data_A
Data_B


2019-08-10 14:47:00
-
-
-
-
123
23

2019-07-31 15:38:00
1
1
100
1
33
5

2019-08-08 07:19:00
11
111
111
12
0
2

2019-08-08 11:15:00
232
343
343
43
0
2

2019-08-08 11:30:00
2323
rtttt
3434
34
0
2

2019-08-08 10:54:00
2334
65464
565
76
1000
19

2019-08-06 16:06:00
3
3
3
3
0
23


SELECT
    *
FROM (
    SELECT DISTINCT ON ("COL_A", "COL_B", "COL_C", "COL_D")
        *
    FROM
        mytable
    ORDER BY "COL_A", "COL_B", "COL_C", "COL_D", "Timestamp" DESC
) s
ORDER BY "Timestamp"


Timestamp
COL_A
COL_B
COL_C
COL_D
Data_A
Data_B


2019-07-31 15:38:00
1
1
100
1
33
5

2019-08-06 16:06:00
3
3
3
3
0
23

2019-08-08 07:19:00
11
111
111
12
0
2

2019-08-08 10:54:00
2334
65464
565
76
1000
19

2019-08-08 11:15:00
232
343
343
43
0
2

2019-08-08 11:30:00
2323
rtttt
3434
34
0
2

2019-08-10 14:47:00
-
-
-
-
123
23

Timestamp	COL_A	COL_B	COL_C	COL_D	Data_A	Data_B
2019-08-10 14:47:00	-	-	-	-	123	23
2019-07-31 15:38:00	1	1	100	1	33	5
2019-08-08 07:19:00	11	111	111	12	0	2
2019-08-08 11:15:00	232	343	343	43	0	2
2019-08-08 11:30:00	2323	rtttt	3434	34	0	2
2019-08-08 10:54:00	2334	65464	565	76	1000	19
2019-08-06 16:06:00	3	3	3	3	0	23