MySQL 8.0

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select version();


version()


8.0.19


create table PRODUCT_FILTER(PRODUCT_ID int,FILTER_ID int)
insert into PRODUCT_FILTER values(374,54);
insert into PRODUCT_FILTER values(374,55);
insert into PRODUCT_FILTER values(37,64);
insert into PRODUCT_FILTER values(375,55);
insert into PRODUCT_FILTER values(375,56);
insert into PRODUCT_FILTER values(375,64);
SELECT PRODUCT_ID FROM PRODUCT_FILTER
WHERE  PRODUCT_ID IN (375,37,251,252,261,262,263,264,269,270,271,272,277) AND  FILTER_ID IN (55,56) 
GROUP  BY PRODUCT_ID
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT FILTER_ID) = 2;


PRODUCT_ID


375