MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE tbl_timetable(fromtime TIME, totime TIME);
INSERT INTO tbl_timetable VALUES
('09:00', '10:00');
SELECT * FROM tbl_timetable WHERE '10:30' > fromtime AND totime > '09:30'
-- should return 1 row

fromtime
totime

09:00:00
10:00:00

SELECT * FROM tbl_timetable WHERE '10:01' > fromtime AND totime > '08:59'
-- should return 1 row

fromtime
totime

09:00:00
10:00:00

SELECT * FROM tbl_timetable WHERE '09:55' > fromtime AND totime > '09:05'
-- should return 1 row

fromtime
totime

09:00:00
10:00:00

SELECT * FROM tbl_timetable WHERE '09:00' > fromtime AND totime > '08:00'
-- should not return any row

fromtime
totime

SELECT * FROM tbl_timetable WHERE '11:00' > fromtime AND totime > '10:00'
-- should not return any row

fromtime
totime