Postgres 12

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CREATE TABLE tbl (phoneNumber VARCHAR(16383));

INSERT INTO tbl (phoneNumber) VALUES ('1) Call back from +79005346546, Conversation started Phone: +79005346546 Called twice Came from google.com IP: 77.106.46.202 the web page address is xxx.com utm_medium: cpc utm_campaign: 32587871 utm_content: 5283041 79005346546');
 INSERT INTO tbl (phoneNumber) VALUES ('2) John Smith');
 INSERT INTO tbl (phoneNumber) VALUES ('3) xxx@yyy.com');
 INSERT INTO tbl (phoneNumber) VALUES ('4) John Smith 8 999 888 77 77');
 INSERT INTO tbl (phoneNumber) VALUES ('5) How a phone number is written is also depends. It may be like 8 927 410 00 22, 8(927)410-00-22, +7(927)410-00-22, +7 (927) 410-00-22, (927)410 00 22, 927 410 00 22, 9(2741) 0 0 0-22 and so on');

SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE(
             REGEXP_REPLACE(
               REGEXP_REPLACE(phoneNumber, '((([0-9])[ ()+-]*){10,11})([^0-9]|$)', '`\1¬','g'),
               '(^|¬)[^`¬]*(`|$)', ',', 'g'),
             '(^,|,$|[^0-9,])', '', 'g')
    FROM tbl;

CREATE TABLE

INSERT 0 1

INSERT 0 1

INSERT 0 1

INSERT 0 1

INSERT 0 1

regexp_replace
79005346546,79005346546,79005346546


89998887777
89274100022,89274100022,79274100022,79274100022,9274100022,9274100022,9274100022

SELECT 5