SQL Server 2019

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create table book (
  BookID int identity(1,1) primary key,
  Title varchar(100),
  Author varchar(100),
  Decision varchar(100),
  
  --Dummy constraint for FK
  constraint u_book unique(bookid, decision)
)
CREATE TABLE BookShipment(
  BookID int,
  ShipmentID varchar(7),
  --Dummy column for FK
  approved as cast('Approved' as varchar(100)) persisted
  
  CONSTRAINT pk_BookShipment PRIMARY KEY (BookID),
  CONSTRAINT fk_BookShipment_Book_Approved
    FOREIGN KEY (BookID, approved)
    REFERENCES Book(BookID, decision)
);
insert into book (Title, Author, Decision)
select 'A', 'B', 'Approved' union all
select 'A', 'B', 'New'
2 rows affected

insert into BookShipment values(1, 1)
1 rows affected

insert into BookShipment values(2, 2)
Msg 547 Level 16 State 0 Line 1
The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "fk_BookShipment_Book_Approved". The conflict occurred in database "fiddle_e1d2303ef96b481cbf4120c13359c853", table "dbo.book".
Msg 3621 Level 0 State 0 Line 1
The statement has been terminated.