SQL Server 2019

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CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[DelimitedSplit8K_LEAD]
--===== Define I/O parameters
        (@pString VARCHAR(8000), @pDelimiter CHAR(1))
RETURNS TABLE WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
 RETURN
--===== "Inline" CTE Driven "Tally Table produces values from 0 up to 10,000...
     -- enough to cover VARCHAR(8000)
 WITH E1(N) AS (
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL 
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL 
                 SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1
                ),                          --10E+1 or 10 rows
       E2(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E1 a, E1 b), --10E+2 or 100 rows
       E4(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E2 a, E2 b), --10E+4 or 10,000 rows max
 cteTally(N) AS (--==== This provides the "zero base" and limits the number of rows right up front
                     -- for both a performance gain and prevention of accidental "overruns"
                 SELECT 0 UNION ALL
                 SELECT TOP (DATALENGTH(ISNULL(@pString,1))) ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) FROM E4
                ),
cteStart(N1) AS (--==== This returns N+1 (starting position of each "element" just once for each delimiter)
                 SELECT t.N+1
                   FROM cteTally t
                  WHERE (SUBSTRING(@pString,t.N,1) = @pDelimiter OR t.N = 0) 
                )
--===== Do the actual split. The ISNULL/NULLIF combo handles the length for the final element when no delimiter is found.
 SELECT ItemNumber = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY s.N1),
        Item = SUBSTRING(@pString,s.N1,ISNULL(NULLIF((LEAD(s.N1,1,1) OVER (ORDER BY s.N1) - 1),0)-s.N1,8000))
   FROM cteStart s
;

DECLARE @Chain varchar(120) = 'F1 100 F2 400 F3 600';

SELECT STRING_AGG(COALESCE(CONVERT(varchar(10),TRY_CONVERT(int,DS.item)/10),DS.item),' ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY DS.Item)
FROM dbo.DelimitedSplit8K_LEAD(@Chain,' ') DS;


(No column name)


10 40 60 F1 F2 F3


CREATE FUNCTION dbo.YourFunction (@Chain varchar(120))
RETURNS TABLE AS
RETURN
    SELECT STRING_AGG(COALESCE(CONVERT(varchar(10),TRY_CONVERT(int,DS.item)/10),DS.item),' ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY DS.Item) AS NewChain
    FROM dbo.DelimitedSplit8K_LEAD(@Chain,' ') DS;
CREATE TABLE dbo.YourTable (Chain varchar(120));
INSERT INTO dbo.YOurTAble (Chain)
VALUES('F1 100 F2 400 F3 600');
1 rows affected

SELECT YF.NewChain
FROM dbo.YourTable YT
     CROSS APPLY dbo.YourFunction (YT.Chain) YF;


NewChain


10 40 60 F1 F2 F3