Postgres 13

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create table it0422 (

xyear int not null

, q1 int not null

, q2 int not null

, q3 int not null

, q4 int not null

);

insert into it0422 values

(2017,200,250,235,266),

(2018,195,220,215,240);

select *

from it0422;

2 rows affected

xyear	q1	q2	q3	q4
2017	200	250	235	266
2018	195	220	215	240

select xyear as "年度"

, unnest(array['q1', 'q2', 'q3', 'q4']) as "各季"

, unnest(array[q1, q2, q3, q4]) as "購買金額"

from it0422

order by 1,2;