MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE table1 (
  `ID` VARCHAR(100),
  `Val` VARCHAR(100),
  `Val2` VARCHAR(100)
);
INSERT INTO table1
  (`ID`, `Val`, `Val2`)
VALUES
  ('606541','3175031503131004','3175032612900004'),
  ('606542','3175031503131004','3175032612900004'),
  ('677315','3175031503131004','3175032612980004'),
  ('222222','1111111111111111','8888888888888888'),
  ('231233','1111111111111111','3175032612900004'),
  ('111111','9999992222211111','1111111111111111'),
  ('57','3173012102121018','3173015101870020'),
  ('59','3173012102121018','3173021107460002'),
  ('2','900','7000'),
  ('4','900','7001');
select t1.val from table1 t1
where not exists (
  select 1 from table1 
  where val = t1.val and val2 in (select val2 from table1 group by val2 having count(*) > 1)
)
group by t1.val
having count(t1.val) > 1


val


3173012102121018

900


select t1.* from table1 t1
where exists (select 1 from table1 where id <> t1.id and val = t1.val)
and not exists (
  select 1 from table1 
  where val = t1.val and val2 in (select val2 from table1 group by val2 having count(*) > 1)
)


ID
Val
Val2


57
3173012102121018
3173015101870020

59
3173012102121018
3173021107460002

2
900
7000

4
900
7001


select t.id, t.val, t.val2
from (
  select *, max(counter2) over (partition by val) countermax
  from (
    select *,
      count(*) over (partition by val) counter,
      count(*) over (partition by val2) counter2
    from table1
  ) t
) t 
where t.counter > 1 and t.countermax = 1


id
val
val2


57
3173012102121018
3173015101870020

59
3173012102121018
3173021107460002

2
900
7000

4
900
7001

ID	Val	Val2
57	3173012102121018	3173015101870020
59	3173012102121018	3173021107460002
2	900	7000
4	900	7001