MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE category (id INT, parent INT, title TEXT);
INSERT INTO category VALUES 
(1,1,'title 1'),
(2,2,'title 2'),
(3,3,'title 3');
SELECT * FROM category;


id
parent
title


1
1
title 1

2
2
title 2

3
3
title 3


SET @parameter := '[{"id":1,"parent":0,"title":"строка 1"},{"id":2,"parent":1,"title":"строка 2"}]';
SELECT @parameter;


@parameter


[{"id":1,"parent":0,"title":"строка 1"},{"id":2,"parent":1,"title":"строка 2"}]


UPDATE category,
       ( SELECT id, parent, title
         FROM JSON_TABLE(@parameter,
                         "$[*]" COLUMNS( id INT PATH "$.id",
                                         parent INT PATH "$.parent",
                                         title TEXT PATH "$.title" )
                        ) AS jsontable
       ) AS newdata
SET category.parent = newdata.parent,
    category.title = newdata.title
WHERE category.id = newdata.id;
SELECT * FROM category;


id
parent
title


1
0
строка 1

2
1
строка 2

3
3
title 3