Oracle 18c

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create table mytable (ROW_ID Number(5), POLICY_ID Number(5), 
                      CHANGE_NO Number(5), STATUS VARCHAR(50), CHANGE_DATE DATE);
insert all
into mytable values (  81, 1, 1, 'A', date '2018-01-01')
into  mytable values (  95, 1, 2, 'A', date '2018-01-02')
into mytable values ( 100, 1, 3, 'B', date '2018-01-03')
 into mytable values ( 150, 1, 4, 'C', date '2018-01-04')
 into mytable values ( 165, 1, 5, 'A', date '2018-01-05')
 into mytable values ( 175, 1, 6, 'A', date '2018-01-06')
 into mytable values ( 599, 2, 1, 'S', date '2018-01-11')
 into mytable values ( 602, 2, 2, 'S', date '2018-01-12')
 into mytable values ( 611, 2, 3, 'S', date '2018-01-13')
 into mytable values ( 629, 2, 4, 'T', date '2018-01-14')
 into mytable values ( 720, 2, 5, 'U', date '2018-01-15')
 into mytable values ( 790, 2, 6, 'S', date '2018-01-16')
 into mytable values ( 812, 2, 7, 'S', date '2018-01-17')
into mytable values ( 825, 2, 8, 'S', date '2018-01-18')
--into mytable values ( 826, 2, 9, 'S', date '2018-01-19')
--into mytable values(1000,3,1,'A', date '2018-01-01')
--into mytable values(1000,3,2,'A', date '2018-01-02')
--into mytable values(1000,3,3,'C', date '2018-01-03')
SELECT *
FROM dual
14 rows affected

SELECT *
FROM mytable 
MATCH_RECOGNIZE (
  PARTITION BY POLICY_ID
  ORDER BY CHANGE_DATE DESC
  MEASURES MATCH_NUMBER() m
           ,LAST(R.ROW_ID) ROW_ID
           ,LAST(R.STATUS) STATUS
           ,LAST(R.CHANGE_NO) CHANGE_NO
           ,LAST(R.CHANGE_DATE) CHANGE_DATE
  ONE ROW PER MATCH
  PATTERN (R+)
  DEFINE R AS STATUS=PREV(STATUS)
) MR
WHERE M = 1


POLICY_ID
M
ROW_ID
STATUS
CHANGE_NO
CHANGE_DATE


1
1
165
A
5
05-JAN-18

2
1
790
S
6
16-JAN-18