MySQL 5.7

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select version();


version()


5.7.35


CREATE TABLE tableA (
   id           int primary key
 , good_id      int
 , num          int
 , created_at   date
);

CREATE TABLE tableB (
   id           int primary key
 , good_id      int
 , num_invoice  int
);

INSERT INTO tableA VALUES
  (1,1,10,'2021-09-24')
, (2,1, 5,'2021-09-25')
, (3,1, 7,'2021-09-26')
;

INSERT INTO tableB VALUES
  (1,1,12)
;
-- For MySQL 5.7
SELECT id, good_id
     , num - GREATEST(num - GREATEST(balance, 0), 0) AS num
     , created_at
     , GREATEST(num - GREATEST(balance, 0), 0) AS invoice_num
  FROM (
         SELECT t2.id, t2.num
              , t2.good_id, t2.created_at
              , MIN(o.num_invoice) AS num_invoice
              , SUM(t1.num) - MIN(o.num_invoice) AS balance
           FROM tableA AS t1
           JOIN tableA AS t2
             ON t1.good_id = t2.good_id
            AND t1.created_at <= t2.created_at
           JOIN (
                   SELECT good_id, SUM(num_invoice) AS num_invoice
                     FROM tableB
                    GROUP BY good_id
                ) AS o
             ON o.good_id = t1.good_id
          GROUP BY t2.id
       ) AS cte2
;


id
good_id
num
created_at
invoice_num


1
1
0
2021-09-24
10

2
1
3
2021-09-25
2

3
1
7
2021-09-26
0