Oracle 18c

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create table test (
A varchar(10),
B varchar(10),
STATUS VARCHAR (10),
LOAD_DATE date,
RANKNO int);
INSERT INTO test (A,B,STATUS,LOAD_DATE,RANKNO)
SELECT 'SAMPLE','SAMPLE','VALID',TO_DATE('2022-01-01', 'yyyy-mm-dd'),3 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'SAMPLE','SAMPLE','INVALID',TO_DATE('2022-01-01', 'yyyy-mm-dd'),5 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'SAMPLE','SAMPLE','VALID',TO_DATE('2022-01-01', 'yyyy-mm-dd') ,6 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'SAMPLE','SAMPLE','VALID',TO_DATE('2022-01-10', 'yyyy-mm-dd'),10 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'SAMPLE','SAMPLE','INVALID',TO_DATE('2022-01-10', 'yyyy-mm-dd'),12 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'SAMPLE','SAMPLE','INVALID',TO_DATE('2022-01-10', 'yyyy-mm-dd'),14 FROM DUAL
6 rows affected

SELECT * FROM 
(SELECT 
  A, B, Status, 
  load_date ,
  ROWNUM,
  RANKNO,
  RANK() OVER (
     ORDER BY load_date ASC,
       RANKNO DESC) rnk
FROM test 
WHERE 
  status = 'VALID' 
  --AND ROWNUM = 1
ORDER BY 
  load_date ASC,
  RANKNO DESC)s
WHERE rnk = 1;


A
B
STATUS
LOAD_DATE
ROWNUM
RANKNO
RNK


SAMPLE
SAMPLE
VALID
01-JAN-22
2
6
1