Oracle 18c

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create table a (UUID, STATUS) as 
  select '3aa0a4ed-fa9f-472d-a208-8173288880ee', 'error' from dual union all
  select '3aa0a4ed-fa9f-472d-a208-8173288880ee', 'ok' from dual union all
  select 'd7d76644-d8ce-4c5a-af42-6bc021fd264a', 'error' from dual union all
  select 'd7d76644-d8ce-4c5a-af42-6bc021fd264a', 'ok' from dual union all
  select '082324d0-24a6-47ca-9b55-94fad628903e', 'error' from dual union all
  select '082324d0-24a6-47ca-9b55-94fad628903e', 'error' from dual union all
  select '3aa0a4ed-fa9f-472d-a208-8173288880ee', 'error' from dual union all
  select '3aa0a4ed-fa9f-472d-a208-8173288880ee', 'error' from dual

8 rows affected

select uuid
from a
group by uuid
having min(status) = max(status)
  and min(status) = 'error'


UUID


082324d0-24a6-47ca-9b55-94fad628903e


select uuid
from a
group by uuid
having count(decode(status, 'error', 1)) > 0 /*Has 'error' status*/
  and count(nullif(status, 'error')) = 0 /*And has no other statuses*/
order by 1


UUID


082324d0-24a6-47ca-9b55-94fad628903e