SQL Server 2019

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DECLARE @T table
(
    FID integer NOT NULL,
    ColA integer NOT NULL,
    ColB integer NOT NULL,
    ColC integer NOT NULL
);

INSERT @T
    (FID, ColA, ColB, ColC)
VALUES
    (13,1,305,507),
    (13,1,415,928),
    (17,2,5,57),
    (17,1,415,928),
    (210,12,305,507),
    (210,1,415,928);

SELECT 
    T.ColA, 
    T.ColB, 
    T.ColC
FROM @T AS T
GROUP BY 
    T.ColA, 
    T.ColB, 
    T.ColC
HAVING COUNT_BIG(*) =
(
    SELECT COUNT_BIG(DISTINCT T2.FID) 
    FROM @T AS T2
);

SELECT 
    T.FID, 
    T.ColA, 
    T.ColB, 
    T.ColC
FROM @T AS T
WHERE EXISTS
(
    SELECT T.ColA, T.ColB, T.ColC
    INTERSECT
    SELECT T2.ColA, T2.ColB, T2.ColC 
    FROM @T AS T2
    WHERE T2.FID <> T.FID
)
AND NOT EXISTS
(
    SELECT T.ColA, T.ColB, T.ColC
    EXCEPT
    SELECT T3.ColA, T3.ColB, T3.ColC 
    FROM @T AS T3
    WHERE T3.FID <> T.FID
);

SELECT
    T1.FID, T2.ColA, T2.ColB, T2.ColC
FROM
(
    SELECT T2.FID, rc = COUNT_BIG(*) OVER ()
    FROM @T AS T2
    GROUP BY T2.FID
) AS T1
JOIN 
(
    SELECT T.ColA, T.ColB, T.ColC, rc = COUNT_BIG(DISTINCT T.FID)
    FROM @T AS T
    GROUP BY T.ColA, T.ColB, T.ColC
) AS T2
    ON T2.rc = T1.rc;

ColA	ColB	ColC
1	415	928

FID	ColA	ColB	ColC
13	1	415	928
17	1	415	928
210	1	415	928

FID	ColA	ColB	ColC
13	1	415	928
17	1	415	928
210	1	415	928