Postgres 12

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CREATE TABLE huge_spatial_table (timegeom geometry(pointzm,4326));

INSERT INTO huge_spatial_table 
SELECT ('SRID=4326;POINT('|| floor(random() * 50)
		                  ||' ' ||floor(random() * 50) 
		                  ||' ' ||floor(random() * 50) 
		                  ||' ' ||date_part('epoch',timestamp '2013-01-01 00:00:00'+random() * 
						 (now() -timestamp '2013-01-01 00:00:00'))||')')
FROM generate_series(1,100000);

CREATE INDEX idx_t_geom ON huge_spatial_table USING gist (timegeom gist_geometry_ops_nd);

CREATE TABLE

INSERT 0 100000

CREATE INDEX

EXPLAIN ANALYSE
SELECT * FROM huge_spatial_table
WHERE ST_Contains(timegeom,ST_Buffer('POINT(35 29)',10)) AND
      ST_M(timegeom)>date_part('epoch', '2013-01-01'::timestamp) AND
      ST_M(timegeom)<date_part('epoch', '2018-01-01'::timestamp)

QUERY PLAN

Bitmap Heap Scan on huge_spatial_table  (cost=4.36..291.45 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.081..0.081 rows=0 loops=1)

  Filter: ((st_m(timegeom) > '1356998400'::double precision) AND (st_m(timegeom) < '1514764800'::double precision) AND st_contains(timegeom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geometry))

  ->  Bitmap Index Scan on idx_t_geom  (cost=0.00..4.36 rows=10 width=0) (actual time=0.078..0.078 rows=0 loops=1)

        Index Cond: (timegeom ~~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geometry)

Planning Time: 17.635 ms

Execution Time: 0.245 ms

EXPLAIN

CREATE INDEX idx_t_geom_m ON huge_spatial_table (ST_M(timegeom));

CREATE INDEX

EXPLAIN ANALYSE
SELECT * FROM huge_spatial_table
WHERE ST_Contains(timegeom,ST_Buffer('POINT(35 29)',10)) AND
      ST_M(timegeom)>date_part('epoch', '2013-01-01'::timestamp) AND
      ST_M(timegeom)<date_part('epoch', '2018-01-01'::timestamp)

QUERY PLAN

Bitmap Heap Scan on huge_spatial_table  (cost=17.90..46.92 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.074..0.075 rows=0 loops=1)

  Recheck Cond: ((st_m(timegeom) > '1356998400'::double precision) AND (st_m(timegeom) < '1514764800'::double precision))

  Filter: st_contains(timegeom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geometry)

  ->  BitmapAnd  (cost=17.90..17.90 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.072..0.073 rows=0 loops=1)

        ->  Bitmap Index Scan on idx_t_geom  (cost=0.00..4.36 rows=10 width=0) (actual time=0.072..0.072 rows=0 loops=1)

              Index Cond: (timegeom ~~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geometry)

        ->  Bitmap Index Scan on idx_t_geom_m  (cost=0.00..13.29 rows=500 width=0) (never executed)

              Index Cond: ((st_m(timegeom) > '1356998400'::double precision) AND (st_m(timegeom) < '1514764800'::double precision))

Planning Time: 0.547 ms

Execution Time: 0.114 ms

EXPLAIN