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db<>fiddle
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CREATE TABLE t
(Location varchar(4), Type varchar(9), PrimaryLocation varchar(4), Usage int)
;
INSERT INTO t
([Location], [Type], [PrimaryLocation], [Usage])
VALUES
('01', 'Primary', NULL, 1),
('02', 'Secondary', '01', 1),
('03', 'Secondary', '01', 1),
('04', 'Normal', NULL, 1)
;

4 rows affected
select t.*,
(case when primarylocation is null
then sum(usage) over (partition by coalesce(primarylocation, location))
end) as trueusage
from t;
Location Type PrimaryLocation Usage trueusage
01 Primary null 1 3
02 Secondary 01 1 null
03 Secondary 01 1 null
04 Normal null 1 1