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declare @test table (
CustomerId varchar(10),
Type INT,
date datetime
)
insert into @test
values
('aaaa', 1,'2015-10-24 22:52:47'),
('bbbb', 1,'2015-10-23 22:56:47'),
('cccc', 2,'2015-10-22 21:52:47'),
('dddd', 2,'2015-10-20 22:12:47'),
('aaaa', 1,'2015-10-19 20:52:47'),
('dddd', 2,'2015-10-18 12:52:47'),
('aaaa', 3,'2015-10-18 12:52:47')
;

with cte as (
select *, newtype = case when Type <> lag(Type) over(order by date desc) then 1 else 0 end
from @test
)
select *,
Result = sum(newtype) over(
order by date desc
rows between unbounded preceding and current row
)
from cte
order by date desc
CustomerId Type date newtype Result
aaaa 1 2015-10-24 22:52:47.000 0 0
bbbb 1 2015-10-23 22:56:47.000 0 0
cccc 2 2015-10-22 21:52:47.000 1 1
dddd 2 2015-10-20 22:12:47.000 0 1
aaaa 1 2015-10-19 20:52:47.000 1 2
dddd 2 2015-10-18 12:52:47.000 1 3
aaaa 3 2015-10-18 12:52:47.000 1 4