SQL Server 2019

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DECLARE @Data TABLE (Id INT, FromDate DATETIME, ToDate DATETIME, OfferNumber INT)
INSERT @Data
VALUES
    (1, '2022-01-02', '9999-12-31', 1),
    (1, '2022-01-02', '2022-02-10', 2),
    (2, '2022-01-05', '2022-02-15', 1),
    (3, '2022-01-02', '9999-12-31', 1),
    (3, '2022-01-15', '2022-02-20', 2),
    (3, '2022-02-03', '2022-02-25', 3),
    (4, '2022-01-16', '2022-02-05', 1),
    (5, '2022-01-17', '2022-02-13', 1),
    (5, '2022-02-05', '2022-02-13', 2)
;

WITH Dates AS ( -- Gather distinct dates
    SELECT Id, Date = FromDate FROM @Data
    UNION --(distinct)
    SELECT Id, Date = ToDate FROM @Data
),
Ranges AS ( --Construct non-overlapping ranges (The ToDate = NULL case will be ignored later)
    SELECT ID, FromDate = Date, ToDate = LEAD(Date) OVER(PARTITION BY Id ORDER BY Date)
    FROM Dates
),
Counts AS ( -- Calculate days and count offers per date range
    SELECT R.Id, R.FromDate,  R.ToDate,
        Days = DATEDIFF(DAY, R.FromDate, R.ToDate),
        Offers = COUNT(*)
    FROM Ranges R
    JOIN @Data D ON D.Id = R.Id
        AND D.FromDate <= R.FromDate
        AND D.ToDate >= R.ToDate
    GROUP BY R.Id, R.FromDate,  R.ToDate
)
SELECT Id
    ,[Days with 1 Offer] = SUM(CASE WHEN Offers = 1 THEN Days ELSE 0 END)
    ,[Days with 2 Offers] = SUM(CASE WHEN Offers = 2 THEN Days ELSE 0 END)
    ,[Days with 3 Offers] = SUM(CASE WHEN Offers = 3 THEN Days ELSE 0 END)
FROM Counts
GROUP BY Id

Id	Days with 1 Offer	Days with 2 Offers	Days with 3 Offers
1	2913863	39	0
2	41	0	0
3	2913861	24	17
4	20	0	0
5	19	8	0