MySQL 5.7

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CREATE TABLE tablename (
  `userId` INTEGER,
  `name` VARCHAR(3),
  `from` DATE
);

INSERT INTO tablename
  (`userId`, `name`, `from`)
VALUES
  ('1', 'aaa', '2020-09-23'),
  ('2', 'bbb', '2020-09-01'),
  ('3', 'ccc', '2019-05-12'),
  ('4', 'ddd', '2019-06-01'),
  ('5', 'eee', '2018-06-23'),
  ('6', 'fff', '2018-07-23');
select t.* from tablename t
where t.`from` >= concat(year(current_date), '-09-01') 
and not exists (
  select 1 from tablename
  where name = t.name
    and `from` between concat(year(current_date), '-09-01') - interval 1 year and concat(year(current_date), '-09-01') - interval 1 day
)


userId
name
from


1
aaa
2020-09-23

2
bbb
2020-09-01


select t.* from tablename t
where t.`from` >= concat(year(current_date) - (month(current_date) < 9), '-09-01') 
and not exists (
  select 1 from tablename
  where name = t.name
    and `from` between concat(year(current_date) - (month(current_date) < 9), '-09-01') - interval 1 year and concat(year(current_date) - (month(current_date) < 9), '-09-01') - interval 1 day
)


userId
name
from


1
aaa
2020-09-23

2
bbb
2020-09-01