SQLite 3.39

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CREATE TABLE
  records
(
  id int
, pattern text
);
✓
INSERT INTO
  records (id, pattern)
VALUES
  (1, 'https://*.google.com')
, (2, 'https://google.com/*')
, (3, 'https://go*g*.com')
;
✓
SELECT
  *
FROM
  records
WHERE
  'https://google.com/lorem_ipsum' LIKE REPLACE(pattern, '*', '%')
;


id
pattern


2
https://google.com/*