Oracle 21c

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ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
CREATE TABLE table_name (SYM_RUN_DATE, CLIENT_NO, CLIENT_STATUS) AS
SELECT DATE '2023-03-31', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-30', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-29', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-28', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-27', '00019872', 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-26', '00019872', 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-25', '00019872', 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-24', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-23', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-22', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-21', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-20', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-19', '00019872', 2 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-18', '00019872', 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-17', '00019872', 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT DATE '2023-03-16', '00019872', 1 FROM DUAL;
16 rows affected

SELECT SYM_RUN_DATE,
       CLIENT_NO,
       CLIENT_STATUS
FROM   (
  SELECT SYM_RUN_DATE,
         CLIENT_NO,
         CLIENT_STATUS,
         ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY sym_run_date DESC)
           - ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY client_status ORDER BY sym_run_date DESC) AS grp
  FROM   table_name
)
WHERE   grp = 0
ORDER BY sym_run_date
FETCH FIRST ROW ONLY;


SYM_RUN_DATE
CLIENT_NO
CLIENT_STATUS


2023-03-28 00:00:00
00019872
2


SELECT *
FROM   table_name
MATCH_RECOGNIZE(
  ORDER BY sym_run_date DESC
  ALL ROWS PER MATCH
  PATTERN (^ {- (same_status*) -} next_row )
  DEFINE same_status AS client_status = NEXT(client_status)
)


SYM_RUN_DATE
CLIENT_NO
CLIENT_STATUS


2023-03-28 00:00:00
00019872
2