MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE `rg` ( `name` text, 
                    `zip` text,
                    `Year` bigint,
                    `r` double,
                    `geom` GEOMETRY
                  );
INSERT INTO `rg` (name, zip, Year, r, geom) 
VALUES 
('AB, NM', '87105', '2015', '10', ST_GeomFromText('POINT (35.066062 -106.700005)')),
('AB, NM', '87105', '2016', '20', ST_GeomFromText('POINT (35.067912 -106.700884)')),
('AB, NM', '87105', '2017', '30', ST_GeomFromText('POINT (35.067912 -106.700884)'))
SELECT name, zip, year, r, ST_AsText(geom) FROM rg


name
zip
year
r
ST_AsText(geom)


AB, NM
87105
2015
10
POINT(35.066062 -106.700005)

AB, NM
87105
2016
20
POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)

AB, NM
87105
2017
30
POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)


WITH 
previousMaxYear (name, zip, geom, r) AS (
SELECT name, zip, geom, r FROM rg WHERE year = (SELECT MAX(year) - 1 FROM rg LIMIT 1)
),
maxYear (name, zip, geom, r) AS (
SELECT name, zip, geom, r FROM rg WHERE year = (SELECT MAX(year) FROM rg LIMIT 1)
)
SELECT a.name, a.zip, ST_AsText(a.geom) as geom, CONCAT(ROUND((a.r-b.r)/b.r * 100), '%') AS 'Difference'
FROM maxYear a
  INNER JOIN previousMaxYear b ON
  a.name = b.name
  AND 
  a.zip = b.zip


name
zip
geom
Difference


AB, NM
87105
POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)
50%

name	zip	year	r	ST_AsText(geom)
AB, NM	87105	2015	10	POINT(35.066062 -106.700005)
AB, NM	87105	2016	20	POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)
AB, NM	87105	2017	30	POINT(35.067912 -106.700884)