SQL Server 2019

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-- DDL and sample data population, start
DECLARE @tbl TABLE (
  id int NOT NULL,
  last_name Nvarchar(100) NOT NULL,
  first_name Nvarchar(100) NOT NULL,
  middle_name Nvarchar(100) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO @tbl (id, last_name, first_name, middle_name) 
VALUES
  ('1', N'Иванов', N'Андрей', N'Петрович'),
  ('2', N'Петров', N'Иван', N'Андреевич'),
  ('3', N'Иванов', N'Виталий', N'Иванов'),
  ('4', N'Сергеев', N'Петр', N'Витальевич'),
  ('5', N'Андреев', N'Сергей', N'Сидорович');
-- DDL and sample data population, end

DECLARE @Separator NCHAR(1) = SPACE(1)
	, @parameterXML NVARCHAR(1024)
	, @parameter NVARCHAR(100) = N'Иванов Иванов';

SET @parameterXML = N'<source><row>' 
	+ REPLACE(@parameter, @Separator, N'</row><row>') 
	+ N'</row></source>';

SELECT ID, last_Name, first_name, middle_name
   , CAST('<root>' + @parameterXML 
		+ '<target><row>' 
		+ last_name + '</row><row>' 
		+ first_name + '</row><row>' 
		+ middle_name + '</row>' 
		+ '</target></root>' AS XML)
    .value('every $r in /root/source/row/text()
            satisfies ($r = (/root/target/row/text())
            and count(/root/source/row[./text()[1] eq $r]) = count(/root/target/row[./text()[1] eq $r])
         )', 'VARCHAR(5)') AS result
FROM @tbl;

ID	last_Name	first_name	middle_name	result
1	Иванов	Андрей	Петрович	false
2	Петров	Иван	Андреевич	false
3	Иванов	Виталий	Иванов	true
4	Сергеев	Петр	Витальевич	false
5	Андреев	Сергей	Сидорович	false