SQL Server 2017

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CREATE TABLE foo ( a varchar(11) );
INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1),(2),(3);
3 rows affected

BEGIN TRANSACTION;
    INSERT INTO dbo.foo (a)
    VALUES ('entry')
/*****
[2] Check Values
*****/
    SELECT a FROM dbo.foo
/*****
[3] Add Column
*****/
    ALTER TABLE dbo.foo
        ADD b VARCHAR(11)
/*****
[3] Insert value into this new column in the same batch
-- Again, this is just an example. Please do not do this in production
*****/
    IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.columns WHERE object_ID('foo') = object_id
            AND name = 'b')
        INSERT INTO dbo.foo (b)
        VALUES ('d')
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
Msg 207 Level 16 State 1 Line 19
Invalid column name 'b'.

SELECT * FROM foo;


a


1

2

3