SQL Server 2017

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CREATE TABLE billy 
(
  my_id INTEGER, 
  A0 VARCHAR, 
  A1 VARCHAR, 
  A2 VARCHAR, 
  A3 VARCHAR, 
  A4 VARCHAR
);

INSERT INTO billy VALUES (1, 'A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'A'), (2, 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A');
2 rows affected

SELECT * FROM billy;


my_id
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4


1
A
B
A
C
A

2
A
A
A
A
A


SELECT * FROM billy WHERE A0 = A1 AND A0 = A2 AND A0 = A3 AND A0 = A4;


my_id
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4


2
A
A
A
A
A


SELECT
    D.*
FROM billy AS D
WHERE EXISTS
(
    -- All columns except the last one
    SELECT D.A0, D.A1, D.A2, D.A3
    INTERSECT
    -- All columns except the first one
    SELECT D.A1, D.A2, D.A3, D.A4
);


my_id
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4


2
A
A
A
A
A


select d.my_id 
from billy as d
cross apply ( values (d.a0),(d.a1),(d.a2),(d.a3),(d.a4) ) as x(a)
group by d.my_id
having min(a) = max(a);


my_id


2