Oracle 11g Release 2

By using db<>fiddle, you agree to license everything you submit by Creative Commons CC0.

CREATE TABLE v_currency ( CODE, DATE_ACTIV, EQUIVAL ) AS
SELECT 840, DATE '2020-01-13',  576.97 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 840, DATE '2020-01-07', 2008.54 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 840, DATE '2020-01-06', 1941.91 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 840, DATE '2019-12-22',  301.62 FROM DUAL
4 rows affected

CREATE TABLE your_cte ( FILIAL_CODE, EMP_CODE, SUMMA, OPERATION_DATE ) AS
SELECT '00116', 213, 40000, DATE '2020-01-14' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '00116', 213,  6000, DATE '2020-01-10' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT '00116', 213,  2800, DATE '2020-01-06' FROM DUAL;
3 rows affected

SELECT y.filial_code,
       y.emp_code,
       y.summa * c.equival AS summa,
       y.operation_date
FROM   your_cte y
       INNER JOIN (
         SELECT c.*,
                LEAD( DATE_ACTIV, 1, SYSDATE )
                  OVER ( PARTITION BY code ORDER BY date_activ )
                  AS DATE_FINISHED
         FROM   v_currency c
       ) c
       ON (   y.operation_date >= c.date_activ
          AND y.operation_date <  c.date_finished )


FILIAL_CODE
EMP_CODE
SUMMA
OPERATION_DATE


00116
213
23078800
14-JAN-20

00116
213
12051240
10-JAN-20

00116
213
5437348
06-JAN-20

FILIAL_CODE	EMP_CODE	SUMMA	OPERATION_DATE
00116	213	23078800	14-JAN-20
00116	213	12051240	10-JAN-20
00116	213	5437348	06-JAN-20