MySQL 8.0

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CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARCHAR(200) CONSTRAINT c1_upper CHECK (BINARY UPPER(c1) = BINARY c1));
INSERT INTO t1(c1) VALUES ('a');

Check constraint 'c1_upper' is violated.

INSERT INTO t1(c1) VALUES ('A');
SELECT * FROM t1;

c1

A

CREATE TABLE t2 (c2 VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT c2_upper CHECK (BINARY c2 = BINARY UPPER(c2));

Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 2

INSERT INTO t2(c2) VALUES ('a');

Check constraint 'c2_upper' is violated.

INSERT INTO t2(c2) VALUES ('A');
SELECT * FROM t2;

c2

A