MySQL 8.0

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SELECT VERSION();


VERSION()


8.0.30


SET @`obj` := '{
  "items": [],
  "references": [{"id": 1},{"name": "a"}]
}';
SELECT JSON_PRETTY(@`obj`);


JSON_PRETTY(@`obj`)


{
  "items": [],
  "references": [
    {
      "id": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "a"
    }
  ]
}


SET @`obj` := JSON_SET(@`obj`, '$.references[0].id', 5);
SELECT JSON_PRETTY(@`obj`);


JSON_PRETTY(@`obj`)


{
  "items": [],
  "references": [
    {
      "id": 5
    },
    {
      "name": "a"
    }
  ]
}


SET @`obj` := JSON_SET(@`obj`, '$references[0].id', 1); -- ERROR

Invalid JSON path expression. The error is around character position 1.