MariaDB 10.3

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create table bills (
id INT unsigned auto_increment primary key,
location_id INT unsigned,
payment_id INT unsigned,
amount INT unsigned,
prev_read_at TIMESTAMP,
current_read_at TIMESTAMP
);

INSERT INTO bills (location_id, payment_id, amount, prev_read_at, current_read_at) 
VALUES (10, null, 237003000, '2021-07-03 01:00:00', '2021-09-01 01:00:00'),
(10, 1741, 139664000, '2021-07-03 01:00:00', '2021-11-16 01:00:00'),
(20, null, 0, '2021-07-04 01:00:00', '2021-08-02 01:00:00'),
(20, 1655, 6820000,'2021-07-04 01:00:00', '2021-09-06 01:00:00'),
(20, null, 39000, '2021-07-04 01:00:00','2021-09-08 01:00:00'),
(30, 1750, 15366000, '2021-07-04 01:00:00', '2021-11-15 01:00:00'),
(40, null, 14346000, '2021-07-05 01:00:00', '2021-11-14 01:00:00'),
(40, null, 14566000, '2021-07-05 01:00:00', '2021-11-18 01:00:00');

SELECT * FROM bills;

select GROUP_CONCAT(id) ids, location_id, GROUP_CONCAT(current_read_at) current_reads from bills
where prev_read_at between '2021-07-01 12:01:01' and '2021-07-05 12:01:01'
group by CONCAT(`location_id` ,`prev_read_at`)
having count(id)>1 AND count(payment_id)=1  AND COUNT(DISTINCT current_read_at)>1;

id	location_id	payment_id	amount	prev_read_at	current_read_at
1	10	null	237003000	2021-07-03 01:00:00	2021-09-01 01:00:00
2	10	1741	139664000	2021-07-03 01:00:00	2021-11-16 01:00:00
3	20	null	0	2021-07-04 01:00:00	2021-08-02 01:00:00
4	20	1655	6820000	2021-07-04 01:00:00	2021-09-06 01:00:00
5	20	null	39000	2021-07-04 01:00:00	2021-09-08 01:00:00
6	30	1750	15366000	2021-07-04 01:00:00	2021-11-15 01:00:00
7	40	null	14346000	2021-07-05 01:00:00	2021-11-14 01:00:00
8	40	null	14566000	2021-07-05 01:00:00	2021-11-18 01:00:00

ids	location_id	current_reads
1,2	10	2021-09-01 01:00:00,2021-11-16 01:00:00
3,4,5	20	2021-08-02 01:00:00,2021-09-06 01:00:00,2021-09-08 01:00:00